Ethylene – Specialty Gas

Ethylene, also known as ethene, is a simple alkene with the chemical formula C2H4. It's a colorless gas with a faint sweet odor at high concentrations. Ethylene is widely used in industry as a starting material for the production of numerous chemicals, including polyethene, the most common plastic globally.

Ethylene (C2H4) Gas


Key Properties of Ethylene (C2H4) Gas:

  • Chemical formula: C2H4
  • CAS number: 74-85-1
  • EINECS number: 200-815-3
  • Molecular weight: 28.05 g/mol
  • Boiling point: -103.7 °C (-154.6 °F)
  • Melting point: -169.2 °C (-272.6 °F)
  • Density: 1.178 kg/m³ (at 0 °C and 1 atm)
  • Flammability range in air: 2.7–36.0% (by volume)

Production of Ethylene (C2H4) Gas:

Ethylene is primarily produced through several methods:

  • Cracking of petroleum: This process involves heating heavier hydrocarbons at high temperatures without oxygen, breaking them down into smaller molecules, including ethylene.
  • Dehydration of ethanol: Ethanol vapour is passed over catalysts at elevated temperatures, removing water and producing ethylene.
  • Pyrolysis of ethane: Ethane gas is subjected to high temperatures, causing it to break down into ethylene and hydrogen.

Applications of Ethylene (C2H4) Gas:

Ethylene has a vast range of applications in various industries, including:

  • Chemical industry: As a key building block for numerous chemicals, including polyethene, polyethene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM).
  • Food industry: Used in low concentrations to ripen fruits like bananas and avocados.
  • Agriculture: This can stimulate seed germination and promote flower and fruit development in certain crops.
  • Manufacturing: Employed in welding and cutting applications, albeit less commonly used than other gases.
  • Refrigeration: Used as a refrigerant, particularly in industrial settings.
  • Medical field: Historically used as an anaesthetic, though its use is uncommon today.

Safety Considerations for Ethylene (C2H4) Gas:

Ethylene is a flammable gas and should be handled with caution. Here are some safety precautions to follow:

  • Store cylinders in cool, well-ventilated areas.
  • Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flames.
  • Use proper safety equipment, such as gloves and safety glasses, when handling.
  • Ensure adequate ventilation in areas where ethylene is being used.
  • Be aware of the flammability range and take appropriate precautions to prevent ignition.

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